Conservation of mass and energy are key principles where the mass and energy at the start of a reaction must equal the mass and energy at the end. In chemical reactions, it is crucial to consider all reactants and products to ensure conservation of mass.

Exploring the concept of conservation of mass in chemical reactions, where the total mass of reactants equals the total mass of products. Delving into historical misconceptions like fire having mass due to incomplete understanding of reactants and products in combustion reactions.

Explains the concept of stoichiometry in a chemical reaction involving the decomposition of calcium carbonate to form calcium oxide and oxygen gas. Emphasizes the importance of balancing reactants and products to determine the quantities of substances formed.

Energy, like mass, follows the principle of conservation and cannot be created or destroyed. It exists in two forms: kinetic energy and potential energy, with all other types of energy being variations of these two fundamental forms.