The video discusses the consolidation of the communist dictatorship in Russia following the October Revolution, focusing on the establishment of a one-party state, the removal of the constituent assembly, and challenges faced by Lenin's government.

The chapter discusses the challenges faced by Lenin in consolidating the communist dictatorship in Russia post the October Revolution, including issues with the ongoing war with Germany, urban-centric popularity of the Bolsheviks, food shortages, and labor strikes.

The chapter discusses the steps taken by the Russian Bolshevik government to establish a one-party state by replacing ministers with people's commissars and creating a secret police force to combat counter-revolution and sabotage, ultimately leading to the formation of a single ruling political party.

Lenin's attempt to establish a communist dictatorship faced challenges as the Bolsheviks secured only 24% of the vote in the elections for the Constituent Assembly, leading to its removal by surrounding the building with Red Guards.

Lenin justified the removal of the Constituent Assembly by arguing that the election results were based on old party lines, not reflecting the will of the people, and that the soviets represented a more direct form of democracy compared to the assembly's bourgeois democracy.