The video explains the biochemistry of carbohydrates, detailing their roles as energy sources and structural components, and categorizes them into monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides, and polysaccharides. It further elaborates on the structure and formation of these carbohydrate types, including specific examples like glucose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, starch, glycogen, and cellulose, highlighting their chemical bonds and configurations.

Carbohydrates are essential biomolecules that serve as a major energy source and structural components in living organisms. This chapter explores the different types of carbohydrates, focusing on monosaccharides like glucose, galactose, and fructose, and their structural configurations.

This chapter explains the formation and breakdown of three common disaccharides: maltose, lactose, and sucrose. It details the specific glycosidic bonds involved in their formation through condensation reactions and their breakdown through hydrolysis.

Polysaccharides can be either homopolysaccharides, containing only one type of monosaccharide, or heteropolysaccharides, containing two or more different monosaccharides. Homopolysaccharides, such as starch, serve as storage forms of monosaccharides in plants and are a major component of the human diet.

The chapter discusses the structural differences and bonding types in various polysaccharides such as cellulose, DIC strands, and glycogen. It explains why humans cannot digest cellulose, the structural role of cellulose in plants, and the branching patterns in glycogen and starch.