Understanding the principles of criminal law is crucial, distinguishing between acts and omissions. Acts refer to external movements that violate the law, while omissions are failures to perform required duties. Exceptions to prospectivity include favorable changes in penalties and non-habitual delinquency.

The chapter discusses the exemptions to the generality of criminal law, such as sovereigns, ambassadors, and ministers, while emphasizing that all individuals in the Philippines must adhere to criminal law provisions. It also highlights the characteristics of criminal law, including the distinction between Bill of Pains and Penalties and Bill of Attainder.

The chapter discusses the concept of territoriality in Philippine penal laws, emphasizing that laws apply within the national territory but have exceptions. It explains exceptions such as crimes committed on Philippine vessels, counterfeiting Philippine currency abroad, and acts by public officers outside the country.

The chapter discusses exceptions to territoriality and generality in Philippine law, emphasizing how the Revised Penal Code applies to crimes committed within the Philippine Embassy, illustrating scenarios related to bigamy and jurisdiction. It also covers the prospectivity principle, highlighting that laws should not have retroactive effects and exceptions when the accused benefits from a new law.

In Cebuano, the terms 'dinangag' and 'reckless' refer to being careless, with 'fault' or 'kolpa' denoting negligence. Conversely, 'deceit' or 'dolo' is used for intentional actions. Understanding the difference between acts and omissions is crucial in criminal law, where an act must be an overt external movement, while an omission is the failure to perform a duty required by law.

The chapter discusses the classification of felonies based on the means by which they are committed, such as intentional felonies through deceit or dolo, and culpable felonies through fault or negligence. It also delves into criminal liability scenarios where the intended felony differs from the one committed, exploring concepts like error in person, aberration ictus, and pretor intentionem.