Roman aqueducts functioned by utilizing gravity flow to transport water from higher elevations to cities through man-made channels, overcoming obstacles like hills and valleys with bridges. The construction involved precise engineering, tools like the groma for alignment, and lead piping for water distribution, sustaining Rome's population and providing public amenities like baths and fountains.

Aqueducts operate through gravity flow by channeling water from higher elevations like springs, rivers, or lakes into man-made conduits that span across cities, overcoming obstacles like hills and valleys. The majority of aqueduct construction was underground, with the iconic arches seen in Roman aqueducts representing only a fraction of their total length.

Aqueducts operate through gravity flow by channeling water from higher elevations like springs, rivers, or lakes into man-made conduits that span across cities, overcoming obstacles like hills and valleys. The majority of aqueduct construction was underground, with the iconic arches seen in Roman aqueducts representing only a fraction of their total length.

The Romans constructed 11 aqueducts to bring water from elevated sources to all Seven Hills of Rome, with detailed records in books of architecture. Frontinus, under Emperor Nerva, oversaw the aqueducts, documenting their water sources, quantities, and maintenance.

The Romans constructed 11 aqueducts to bring water from elevated sources to all Seven Hills of Rome, with detailed records in books of architecture. Frontinus, under Emperor Nerva, oversaw the aqueducts, documenting their water sources, quantities, and maintenance.