Quiz LibraryUnderstanding Amino Acid Catabolism and Energy Production
Created from Youtube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fvcvfWb1yAQvideo
Concepts covered:amino acid catabolism, proteases, transamination, oxidative deamination, Krebs cycle
The video explains the catabolism of amino acids, focusing on the breakdown of proteins into amino acids through digestive proteases, and the subsequent processes of transamination and oxidative deamination. It highlights the importance of removing the amino group to prevent toxicity and describes how the carbon skeletons of amino acids are integrated into metabolic pathways like the Krebs cycle for energy production.
Table of Contents1.Amino Acid Catabolism: Pathways and Processes2.Oxidative Deamination and Transamination Processes3.Integration of Keto Acids in Metabolic Pathways
chapter
1
Amino Acid Catabolism: Pathways and Processes
Concepts covered:amino acids, proteases, catabolism, transamination, deamination
The chapter discusses the catabolism of amino acids, which are essential components of proteins. It explains the process of protein degradation by proteases, the conversion of amino acids into various metabolic products, and the importance of removing the amino group to prevent cellular toxicity.
Question 1
Amino acids are essential components of proteins.
Question 2
What is the first step in amino acid catabolism?
Question 3
Proteins are broken down by enzymes known as _____ during digestion.
Question 4
CASE STUDY: A biochemist is studying amino acid catabolism in liver cells.
What does the scenario mean for the biochemist?
Question 5
CASE STUDY: A nutritionist is designing a diet for athletes.
Select three correct dietary recommendations.
Question 6
Proteins are broken down by endoproteases and exoproteases.
Question 7
Why is ammonia removal crucial in cells?
Question 8
The bond connecting amino acids is called a _____ bond.
Question 9
CASE STUDY: A patient is on a high-protein diet and experiences fatigue.
What should the patient do next?
Question 10
Transamination and oxidative deamination are key in amino acid catabolism.
Question 11
What is the role of endoproteases?
Question 12
Amino acids can be converted into _____ during catabolism.
Question 13
Excess protein consumption can lead to amino acid degradation.
Question 14
How do aminopeptidases function in protein catabolism?
Question 15
The toxic byproduct of amino acid breakdown is often _____ .
Question 16
Amino acids directly penetrate the lipid bilayer.
Question 17
What happens to excess dietary proteins?
Question 18
The process of removing the amino group is called _____ .
chapter
2
Oxidative Deamination and Transamination Processes
Concepts covered:oxidative deamination, glutamate dehydrogenase, ammonium ions, transamination, vitamin B6
The chapter explains oxidative deamination, where glutamate is oxidatively deaminated in the mitochondria by the enzyme glutamate dehydrogenase, releasing ammonium ions. It also covers transamination, a process in the liver where amino groups are transferred to keto acids, facilitated by transaminases and vitamin B6, without eliminating the amino group.
Question 19
Oxidative deamination releases the amino group from glutamate.
Question 20
Which animals excrete nitrogen as uric acid?
Question 21
The cofactor used by aminotransferase in transamination is _____.
Question 22
CASE STUDY: A marine biologist is studying nitrogen waste excretion in aquatic vertebrates.
All are nitrogen excretion methods in fish except?
Question 23
CASE STUDY: A biochemist is studying the synthesis of amino acids in cells.
Select three correct functions of transaminases.
Question 24
Uricotelic animals excrete ammonia as urea.
Question 25
What enzyme catalyzes oxidative deamination in mitochondria?
Question 26
In transamination, the amino group is transferred to a _____.
Question 27
CASE STUDY: A student is analyzing amino acid metabolism in the liver.
All are roles of transaminases except?
Question 28
Glutamate dehydrogenase can use both NAD and NADP.
Question 29
What cofactor is used in transamination?
Question 30
The enzyme that catalyzes oxidative deamination is _____.
Question 31
Transamination occurs in the liver using aminotransferases.
Question 32
Which molecule is regenerated during oxidative deamination?
Question 33
Humans excrete excess NH4 in the form of _____.
Question 34
Transamination eliminates the amino group from amino acids.
Question 35
What is the role of NAD in oxidative deamination?
Question 36
The process of transferring an amino group is called _____.
chapter
3
Integration of Keto Acids in Metabolic Pathways
Concepts covered:keto acids, glucogenic, ketogenic, Krebs cycle, energy yield
The chapter explains how keto acids, derived from amino acids, integrate into metabolic pathways, distinguishing between glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids. It highlights the energy yield of amino acids, comparable to carbohydrates, and the biological efficiency of converging metabolic routes in the Krebs cycle.
Question 37
Glucogenic amino acids enter glucose metabolic pathways.
Question 38
How many kilocalories per gram do proteins provide?
Question 39
The Krebs cycle is crucial for _____ of metabolic pathways.
Question 40
CASE STUDY: A biochemistry class is discussing the energy yield of different macronutrients and their metabolic pathways.
Which statement about energy yield is incorrect?
Question 41
CASE STUDY: A nutritionist is explaining how different amino acids contribute to energy production through common metabolic routes.
Select three correct amino acid contributions.
Question 42
Amino acids can be both glucogenic and ketogenic.
Question 43
What is the role of the Krebs cycle?
Question 44
Amino acids provide approximately _____ kilocalories per gram.
Question 45
CASE STUDY: A student is studying the metabolic pathways of amino acids and is confused about how glucogenic and ketogenic amino acids are incorporated into different metabolic routes.
Identify the incorrect incorporation of amino acids.
Question 46
Metabolic pathways converge in the Krebs cycle for efficiency.
Question 47
Which amino acids enter glucose pathways?
Question 48
The process of oxidative deamination forms a _____.
Question 49
Proteins provide more energy per gram than lipids.
Question 50
What do ketogenic amino acids convert into?
Question 51
Amino acids that enter glucose pathways are called _____.
Question 52
Ketogenic amino acids convert into acetyl-CoA or ketone bodies.
Question 53
Why is metabolic convergence biologically efficient?
Question 54
Lysine and leucine are examples of _____ amino acids.

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