The video explains the working principle of capacitors, highlighting their ability to store and release electrical energy quickly, which is useful for smoothing out interruptions in power supply. It also covers the construction of capacitors, their applications in various devices, and safety precautions when handling them.

When a capacitor is connected to a battery, electrons accumulate on one plate, creating a voltage difference between the two plates due to the insulating material preventing electron flow. This stored energy can be measured with a multimeter, and the capacitor's structure includes two conductive plates separated by a dielectric material, which polarizes in an electric field.

This chapter explains the values found on capacitors, including capacitance measured in farads and voltage in volts. It also covers the applications of capacitors in circuits, such as power factor correction and smoothing AC to DC conversion, and provides instructions on measuring capacitance and voltage using a multimeter.