The video covered topics such as the water cycle, carbon cycle, classification, and reaction time practical in biology. It explained the processes involved in each cycle, the binomial system for naming organisms, and how caffeine affects reaction time in an experiment.

Genetic engineering involves transferring genes from one organism to another, creating genetically modified organisms (GMOs) like bacteria producing human insulin. This method eliminates the need to extract insulin from pigs and cows, addressing issues related to side effects, ethical concerns, and supply limitations.

The chapter explains the water cycle, where the sun heats up water leading to evaporation, cloud formation, and precipitation. It also details the carbon cycle, involving carbon dioxide conversion by plants through photosynthesis, animal consumption, decomposition, and fossil fuel formation.

The chapter discusses the anatomy of the eye, focusing on the iris reflex and the focusing reflex. It also covers vision defects like hyperopia and myopia, explaining how they are corrected using convex and concave lenses.

The kidneys play a crucial role in filtering waste from the blood, including excess water, ions, and urea, to maintain the body's balance of water and ions. Through a complex process involving nephrons, the kidneys filter blood, reabsorb essential components, and excrete waste as urine, regulating urine volume based on the body's water levels.

Plant hormones, such as auxins, control cell elongation in shoots and roots, enabling plants to respond to light and gravity. Auxins promote cell elongation in shoots and inhibit it in roots, leading to positive phototropism and negative gravitropism. Gibberellins induce seed germination and flower formation, while ethylene is used to ripen fruits and control dormancy.