Backend web development involves splitting a website into front end and backend, with the backend managing data storage and processing. Technologies used in backend development include programming languages like JavaScript, Python, Ruby, and Java, backend frameworks like Express JS and Django, package managers, databases like MySQL and MongoDB, cloud computing services, and additional technologies like Redis and Rabbit MQ.

Exploring the distinction between website frontend and backend, where the frontend encompasses visual elements while the backend manages data storage and processing. Using Amazon.com as an example, the backend stores order history, profiles, and search results, illustrating the technology involved in backend operations.

Computers need to be programmed to receive messages from the internet, requiring a backend programming language. Utilizing backend frameworks and package managers like Express JS and NPM simplifies server creation and package management for common tasks.

Web development requires efficient data storage solutions like databases such as MySQL and Postgres. The process involves the front end sending requests to the backend, which then saves data to the database and responds, forming a request-response cycle.

Exploration of the components within a request, using an Amazon order as an example, highlighting the request type, domain, and URL path. Backend API significance in defining allowed request types and handling procedures, emphasizing its crucial role in backend programming.

Exploring the significance of request types and URL paths in REST APIs, particularly focusing on the naming convention of using 'post' for creating, 'get' for retrieving, and 'delete' for removing data. Discussing how REST, GraphQL, and RPC are different conventions for designing APIs.