Exploring the nuances of criminal law, distinguishing between acts and omissions, and delving into exceptions such as retroactive effects and the effects of repeal on penal laws.

The chapter emphasizes the distribution of questions in various subjects related to criminal law and jurisprudence for the criminologist licensure examination. It highlights the number of questions allocated to different subjects, such as criminal justice system, human rights education, criminal law books 1 and 2, evidence, and criminal procedure.

The chapter delves into the classical and positivist theories of criminal law, emphasizing free will and rehabilitation as the main purposes of punishment. It also discusses the construction of penal laws, highlighting that criminal laws are interpreted in favor of the offender and that an act is criminal only when defined by the statute.

The chapter discusses the sources and characteristics of criminal law, emphasizing the distinction between various sources such as the Philippine Constitution and special laws. It also delves into the key characteristics of criminal law, including generality, territoriality, and prospectivity.

The chapter discusses two key cases, U.S. versus Wong Cheng and U.S. versus Lok Chow, regarding opium smoking on foreign vessels. It highlights the distinction between smoking opium in transit and the implications when opium reaches Philippine soil.

The chapter discusses the concept of territoriality in Philippine law, focusing on the jurisdiction over foreign vessels and airships. It explains the exceptions to territoriality, such as crimes involving Philippine currency and acts committed by public officers abroad.