Created from Youtube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jHVaxj5g0aQvideoConcepts covered:altered immunity, anaphylaxis, hypersensitivity, allergens, EpiPen
The video discusses the care of patients with altered immunity, focusing on allergic reactions and hypersensitivity types, including anaphylaxis, transfusion reactions, and contact dermatitis. It emphasizes the importance of understanding allergens, recognizing symptoms, and proper use of medications like EpiPens and antihistamines, as well as the role of healthcare providers in preventing and managing these conditions.
Caring for Patients with Altered Immunity: Understanding Allergens and Hypersensitivity
Concepts covered:altered immunity, allergens, hypersensitivity, anaphylaxis, dermatitis
The chapter discusses the care of patients with altered immunity, focusing on allergens, their reactions, and symptoms such as urticaria and wheezing. It also covers different types of hypersensitivity reactions, including type one (allergy and anaphylaxis), type two (antibody-mediated), type three (immune complex-mediated), and type four (delayed hypersensitivity), with examples and symptoms for each.
Question 1
Anaphylaxis is a type one hypersensitivity reaction.
Question 2
Analyze symptoms of a transfusion reaction.
Question 3
Type I hypersensitivity is mediated by _____ immunoglobulin.
Question 4
CASE STUDY: A patient develops a rash after taking a new medication.
What does this scenario indicate?
Question 5
CASE STUDY: A patient shows symptoms of serum sickness after a transfusion.
Select three symptoms to monitor.
Question 6
Type two hypersensitivity involves immunoglobulin mediation.
Question 7
How should a latex allergy be managed in patients?
Question 8
A transfusion reaction is an example of _____ hypersensitivity.
Question 9
CASE STUDY: A patient with a history of allergies is experiencing wheezing and nausea after exposure to pollen.
What should the nurse do next?
Question 10
Contact dermatitis is a type four hypersensitivity reaction.
Question 11
What triggers a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?
Question 12
Contact dermatitis is a form of _____ hypersensitivity.
Understanding Type 1 Hypersensitivity: Allergies and Anaphylaxis
Concepts covered:type 1 hypersensitivity, allergies, anaphylaxis, EpiPen, food allergies
The chapter discusses type 1 hypersensitivity reactions, focusing on allergies and anaphylaxis, which have a genetic predisposition. It emphasizes the importance of education on managing food allergies, including the use of EpiPens, reading food labels, and recognizing symptoms to prevent severe reactions.
Question 13
Atopy is a genetic predisposition to develop allergies.
Question 14
How should patients manage their EpiPen effectively?
Question 15
The rapid release of _____ is typical in type 1 hypersensitivity.
Question 16
CASE STUDY: An adult with asthma and food allergies needs to manage their condition.
Identify the incorrect step in managing food allergies.
Question 17
CASE STUDY: A patient with hay fever seeks advice on managing symptoms at work.
Select three correct management strategies for hay fever.
Question 18
Eight foods cause 90% of all food allergies.
Question 19
What is atopy's genetic predisposition in allergies?
Question 20
Patients should always carry an _____ for severe allergic reactions.
Question 21
CASE STUDY: A child with a family history of allergies experiences seasonal sneezing and itching.
Identify the incorrect management step for allergies.
Question 22
An EpiPen should be carried at all times by allergy patients.
Question 23
Why is reading food labels crucial for allergy sufferers?
Understanding Anaphylaxis: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment
Concepts covered:anaphylaxis, allergic reaction, EpiPen, antihistamines, corticosteroids
Anaphylaxis is a severe, potentially life-threatening allergic reaction that can affect the entire body, triggered by allergens such as drugs, foods, or insect stings. It is crucial for healthcare providers, especially nurses, to check for patient allergies before administering medications, and treatments for anaphylaxis include the use of EpiPens, antihistamines like diphenhydramine, and systemic corticosteroids to manage symptoms and prevent complications like airway blockage and shock.
Question 24
Anaphylaxis can be life-threatening without intervention.
Question 25
How should nurses verify medication safety?
Question 26
A systemic anaphylactic reaction can cause _____ and cardiac arrest.
Question 27
CASE STUDY: A patient with known peanut allergy accidentally consumes peanuts at a party.
What should the patient do immediately?
Question 28
CASE STUDY: A patient with a history of anaphylaxis is prescribed a new medication.
Select three precautions to take.
Question 29
Corticosteroids are ineffective for systemic anaphylactic reactions.
Question 30
Why carry an EpiPen for insect stings?
Question 31
Anaphylaxis is a sudden severe allergic reaction involving _____ release.
Question 32
CASE STUDY: A nurse is reviewing a patient's chart before administering medication.
What should the nurse verify first?
Question 33
EpiPen is used for severe anaphylactic reactions.
Question 34
What triggers anaphylaxis in the body?
Question 35
Corticosteroids are used to treat _____ anaphylactic reactions.
Question 36
Drug allergies can trigger anaphylaxis.
Question 37
What is a systemic anaphylactic reaction?
Question 38
Drug allergies should be checked before _____ administration.
Question 39
Anaphylaxis only causes local reactions, not systemic.
Question 40
What is the role of corticosteroids in anaphylaxis?
Question 41
The EpiPen is used to treat _____ reactions.
Understanding Hypersensitivity Reactions: Blood Transfusions and Serum Sickness
Concepts covered:type two reactions, blood transfusion, serum sickness, vaccine side effects, patient monitoring
The chapter discusses type two and type three hypersensitivity reactions, focusing on blood transfusion reactions and serum sickness. It highlights the importance of monitoring patients during transfusions, recognizing symptoms, and taking appropriate actions, as well as educating patients about vaccine-related serum sickness and its management.
Question 42
Nurses monitor patients 15 minutes post-blood transfusion.
Question 43
What is the first step if transfusion reaction occurs?
Question 44
Type three reactions, like serum sickness, can occur _____ days after vaccination.
Question 45
CASE STUDY: A patient receiving a blood transfusion shows signs of a reaction.
What should the nurse do first?
Question 46
CASE STUDY: A patient experiences serum sickness after a vaccine.
Select three correct management steps.
Question 47
Ventilators increase metabolic demand in patients.
Question 48
What is a common side effect of vaccines?
Question 49
Ventilators help by decreasing metabolic demand and providing necessary _____ .
Question 50
CASE STUDY: A patient develops hives and wheezing during a transfusion.
What is the recommended nursing action?
Question 51
Flank pain is unrelated to blood transfusion reactions.
Question 52
How does a ventilator assist in serum sickness?
Question 53
If a transfusion reaction occurs, the nurse should stop the transfusion _____ .
Question 54
Serum sickness symptoms appear 6-10 days post-vaccine.
Question 55
What symptom indicates a serious transfusion reaction?
Question 56
A patient with proteinuria is spilling _____ in their urine.
Question 57
Type three reactions can occur after vaccinations.
Question 58
Why monitor vital signs during blood transfusion?
Question 59
A blood transfusion reaction usually occurs within the first _____ minutes.
Understanding Contact Dermatitis: A Type Four Reaction
Concepts covered:contact dermatitis, type four reaction, secondary infection, triggers, treatment
This chapter discusses type four hypersensitivity reactions, specifically focusing on contact dermatitis, which occurs when the skin comes into contact with an allergen or irritant. It covers the symptoms, potential triggers, risk of secondary infections due to scratching, and treatment options, including medication and patient education on avoiding triggers and managing skin appearance.
Question 60
Contact dermatitis can lead to secondary infections.
Question 61
What is a key nursing care focus for dermatitis?
Question 62
A secondary concern with contact dermatitis is the development of _____ due to scratching.
Question 63
CASE STUDY: A patient with contact dermatitis is unsure of the trigger. They recently started a new medication and changed their fabric softener.
What should the patient do next?
Question 64
CASE STUDY: A patient is experiencing body image issues due to visible contact dermatitis on their hands. They are concerned about social interactions.
Select three correct coping strategies.
Question 65
Can contact dermatitis be triggered by laundry detergents?
Question 66
How can secondary infections from dermatitis be prevented?
Question 67
Contact dermatitis is an example of a type _____ reaction.
Question 68
CASE STUDY: A patient presents with severe contact dermatitis after using a new laundry detergent. They report intense itching and have scratched the affected areas, leading to open sores.
What should be avoided to prevent infection?
Question 69
Nursing care includes educating patients about dermatitis triggers.
Question 70
What triggers contact dermatitis in patients?
Question 71
Nursing care for contact dermatitis includes education on avoiding _____ triggers.
MRSA Treatment and Prevention Strategies
Concepts covered:MRSA, antibiotics, vamin, trough level, prevention
The chapter discusses treatment options for MRSA, focusing on both oral and intravenous antibiotics, with specific emphasis on the use of vamin and the importance of monitoring trough levels to adjust dosages. It also highlights preventive measures such as hand hygiene and contact precautions, and provides an overview of MRSA, its symptoms, and the importance of accurate diagnosis to determine appropriate treatment.
Question 72
MRSA is resistant to multiple antibiotics.
Question 73
What is the purpose of a trough level test?
Question 74
The CDC recommends _____ precautions for MRSA patients.
Question 75
CASE STUDY: A 70-year-old patient with MRSA is being treated with IV vamin. The nurse notices the patient's torso turning red after the third dose.
What should the nurse do next?
Question 76
Contact precautions are recommended for MRSA patients.
Question 77
What is a key symptom of MRSA infection?
Question 78
A trough level is drawn before the _____ dose of vamin.
Question 79
CASE STUDY: A hospital is reviewing its MRSA prevention protocols. They want to ensure compliance with CDC recommendations.
What do you recommend for MRSA prevention?
Question 80
Vamin Flushing Syndrome is a reaction to vamin medication.
Question 81
How is MRSA primarily spread between individuals?
Question 82
Redman syndrome is now called _____ Flushing syndrome.
Question 83
MRSA is only hospital-associated, not community-associated.
Question 84
What is the first-line IV treatment for MRSA?
Question 85
MRSA is resistant to _____ antibiotics.
Question 86
Trough levels are drawn after the first dose of vamin.
Question 87
What precaution is recommended for MRSA patients?
Understanding and Managing Cellulitis
Concepts covered:cellulitis, infection, diagnosis, antibiotics, prevention
Cellulitis is a common skin infection typically caused by staphylococcus or streptococcus bacteria, characterized by symptoms such as warmth, redness, and swelling. Diagnosis involves physical examination and may include blood tests or ultrasounds, while treatment requires antibiotics; prevention focuses on good skin and foot care.
Question 88
Cellulitis is often caused by staph or strep bacteria.
Question 89
How is cellulitis typically treated?
Question 90
Elevated white blood cell count indicates _____ in cellulitis diagnosis.
Question 91
CASE STUDY: A patient with a history of eczema develops a red, swollen area on their arm. The physician considers cellulitis and plans treatment.
All are cellulitis treatments except one.
Question 92
CASE STUDY: A patient with a cut on their foot shows signs of cellulitis. The healthcare team discusses prevention strategies.
Select three correct cellulitis prevention methods.
Question 93
Elevated white blood cell count indicates cellulitis.
Question 94
What is a key diagnostic method for cellulitis?
Question 95
Cellulitis is usually caused by _____ or strep.
Question 96
CASE STUDY: A patient presents with a swollen, red, and warm lower leg. The physician suspects cellulitis and orders a blood test and an ultrasound to rule out a blood clot.
All are cellulitis symptoms except one.
Question 97
Can cellulitis be treated with oral antibiotics?
Question 98
Why might an ultrasound be used in cellulitis cases?
Question 99
Cellulitis is treated with either PO or IV _____ .
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