Created from Youtube video: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2aVnN4RePyIvideoConcepts covered:mitosis, meiosis, cell cycle, cyclins, diploid cells
The video explains the processes of mitosis and meiosis within the cell cycle, highlighting how mitosis is responsible for creating identical diploid cells for growth and repair, while meiosis produces haploid gametes for reproduction. It also discusses the role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases in regulating the cell cycle, ensuring proper cell division and function.
Understanding the Cell Cycle: Mitosis, Meiosis, and Parthenogenesis
Concepts covered:cell cycle, mitosis, meiosis, parthenogenesis, cyclins
The chapter discusses the cell cycle, focusing on mitosis and meiosis, and their roles in cell reproduction. It highlights the unique case of parthenogenesis in whiptail lizards and explains the processes of cell division, including the importance of cyclins in controlling the cell cycle.
Question 1
Mitosis creates identical diploid cells.
Question 2
What controls the cell cycle progression?
Question 3
The process of creating sex cells is called _____.
Question 4
CASE STUDY: A researcher is studying a population of whiptail lizards in a stable environment. She observes that all offspring are genetically identical to the mother.
What does this scenario mean for genetic diversity?
Question 5
CASE STUDY: A geneticist is analyzing how cyclins regulate the cell cycle in human cells.
Select three correct roles of cyclins in cell cycle regulation.
Question 6
Cytokinesis divides the nucleus.
Question 7
How do whiptail lizards reproduce without males?
Question 8
The division of the cell's cytoplasm is known as _____.
Question 9
CASE STUDY: A biologist is observing cell division in a human tissue sample. She notes the process involves both nuclear and cytoplasmic division.
What should the biologist conclude about the cell division type?
Question 10
Parthenogenesis requires male lizards.
Question 11
What process creates genetically identical cells?
Question 12
The division of the cell's nucleus is called _____.
Question 13
Meiosis produces haploid gametes.
Question 14
What follows nuclear division in mitosis?
Question 15
In humans, a diploid cell contains _____ chromosomes.
Question 16
Cyclin regulates the cell cycle.
Question 17
What is the result of meiosis in humans?
Question 18
Whiptail lizards reproduce through a process known as _____.
Understanding the Cell Cycle and Its Phases
Concepts covered:cell cycle, G1 phase, S phase, G2 phase, G0 phase
The chapter explains the cell cycle, detailing how a single cell enters the cycle and eventually divides into two cells. It describes the phases of the cell cycle, including G1, S, and G2 phases, and mentions the G0 phase where certain cells, like those in the central nervous system, do not divide.
Question 19
Cells in G0 phase do not divide.
Question 20
Which phase involves DNA replication in cells?
Question 21
The phase where the cell grows is called the _____ phase.
Question 22
CASE STUDY: A biologist observes neurons in the central nervous system.
Identify the incorrect cell cycle phase for neurons.
Question 23
CASE STUDY: A dermatologist studies the lifecycle of skin cells.
Select three phases skin cells undergo.
Question 24
DNA replication occurs during the S phase.
Question 25
What is the G0 phase in the cell cycle?
Question 26
DNA replication occurs during the _____ phase of the cell cycle.
Question 27
CASE STUDY: A researcher is studying skin cell regeneration in a lab.
Identify the incorrect phase of the cell cycle.
Question 28
Interphase includes G1, S, and G2 phases.
Question 29
What happens during the G2 phase of the cell cycle?
Question 30
Cells that never divide again enter the _____ phase.
Question 31
Mitotic phase is the longest phase of the cell cycle.
Question 32
What phase follows G1 in the cell cycle?
Question 33
Most of a cell's life is spent in _____ phase.
Cyclins and CDKs: Regulators of the Cell Cycle
Concepts covered:cyclins, CDKs, cell cycle, mitosis, cyclin-dependent kinases
The chapter explains the role of cyclins and cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) in the cell cycle, highlighting how cyclins accumulate during different phases and activate CDKs to promote cell division. It describes the process by which CDKs, once activated by cyclins, facilitate mitosis by breaking down the nucleus and working on microtubules, eventually leading to cell division before the cycle resets.
Question 34
Cyclins accumulate as a cell progresses through the cell cycle.
Question 35
How do CDKs influence the cell cycle?
Question 36
After mitosis, cyclins and CDKs _____ to restart the cycle.
Question 37
CASE STUDY: A researcher is studying cell division in yeast and human cells.
What is the role of cyclins in cell division?
Question 38
CDKs can function across different species due to evolutionary homology.
Question 39
What triggers a cell to enter mitosis?
Question 40
The mitosis promoting factor (MPF) helps the cell enter the _____ phase.
Question 41
CASE STUDY: A biologist observes abnormal cell growth in a tissue sample.
Which proteins might be malfunctioning?
Question 42
Activated CDK-cyclin complexes promote cell entry into mitosis.
Question 43
What happens to cyclins after mitosis?
Question 44
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) are essential for _____ progression.
Question 45
Cyclins are permanently present in cells without degradation.
Question 46
What role do cyclins play in cell division?
Question 47
CDKs are activated when they bind with _____ in the cell cycle.
Question 48
MPF is a type of cyclin-dependent kinase promoting mitosis.
Question 49
Why are CDKs considered evolutionarily conserved?
Question 50
During the S phase, cyclin A levels _____ before cell division.
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